In the dynamic world of technology, the evolution of operating systems stands as a testament to human innovation and the relentless pursuit of efficient computing. From the humble beginnings of the Manchester Mark I in the late 1940s to the sophisticated modern operating systems of today, this journey is marked by a series of remarkable milestones. The Birth of the Manchester Mark I The late 1940s marked a significant turning point in the history of computing. The University of Manchester unveiled the Manchester Mark I, a pioneering electronic computer that introduced the concept of stored-program computing. This machine, with its ability to store and execute programs, laid the foundation for the development of modern operating systems. Though rudimentary by today's standards, it was a crucial step forward. The Emergence of Early Operating Systems As computing technology advanced, early operating systems emerged. Systems like the General Motors Research Operating System (GM-NAA I/O...